Treatment compartment for treating histological samples

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a treatment compartment ( 1 ) for treating histological samples with treating agents ( 2, 2′, 2 ″). Said treatment compartment ( 1 ) comprises a housing ( 3 ) with an inlet and outlet ( 4, 4 ′) for the treating agents ( 2, 2′, 2 ″), a rotatable retaining device ( 5 ) which receives the samples and a closable access opening ( 6 ) on the front ( 7 ). The aim of the invention is to improve a treatment compartment ( 1 ) of the above kind in such a way that it has a compact design and is easily accessible without the risk of the treating agents ( 2, 2′, 2 ″) emerging. According to the invention, the housing ( 3 ) is designed and mounted in such a manner and at least the lower zone of the front ( 7 ) is provided with such a rim ( 8 ) that a liquid level ( 9 ) of the treating agents ( 2, 2′, 2 ″) can be formed even when the access opening ( 6 ) is open, and that the sample is held in the retaining device ( 5 ) in such a way that it can be moved, when the retaining device rotates, through the treating agents ( 2, 2′, 2 ″) forming the liquid level ( 9 ).

[0001] The invention concerns a treatment chamber for the treatment of histological samples with treatment agents, wherein the treatment chamber has a housing with a supply and discharge for treatment agents, a rotatable holding means for receiving the samples, and a closable access opening on the front side.

[0002] Devices comprising such treatment chambers are provided for the treatment of histological samples for microscopic examinations wherein the samples to be examined are subjected to a series of sequential processing steps, such as e.g. fixation, e.g. in an aqueous formaldehyde solution, dehydration, clearing and infiltration with paraffin or another suitable wax. For dehydration, the fixed samples are treated with alcohol reagents with gradually increasing concentration. For clearing, the dehydrated samples are treated once or several times with a clearing agent, e.g. xylol. The latter is an intermediate medium, which removes alcohol and subsequently introduces paraffin, since direct replacement of alcohol by paraffin is not possible. The clearing also improves the contrast. For infiltration with paraffin (or another wax), the dehydrated and cleared samples are also immersed several times into molten paraffin or another molten wax. Only then is the histological sample suitable for processing with a microtome. Thin sections are thereby produced which can be investigated under a microscope.

[0003] A treatment chamber of the above-mentioned type is disclosed in RU 99 12 63 11 A1 (Abstract, claim 13). To ensure that such a treatment chamber can also be opened without discharging treatment agent—which may be the current charge or residual amounts—this document suggests designing the treatment chamber to be pivotable such that the door opens from above. This solution requires substantial technical effort and accessibility of the treatment chamber from above is not optimal.

[0004] It is therefore the underlying purpose of the present invention to design a treatment chamber such that it can be easily accessed and has a simple construction without the danger of leaking treatment agent.

[0005] This object is achieved in accordance with the invention in that the housing has an edge at least in the lower region of the front side and is designed and disposed accordingly in such a manner that even when the access opening is open, a liquid level of treatment agents is maintained, wherein the holding means has a sample arrangement which can rotate through the treatment agent defining the liquid level.

[0006] The invention is advantageous in that the treatment chamber is designed with simple means such that it can be opened at any time when stopped without the danger that treatment agent exits even if it is filled to a maximum level thereof. In this fashion, it is almost impossible to open the treatment chamber at the wrong time, leading to discharge of treatment agent, and samples can be removed or recharged even when the treatment chamber is filled with treatment agent. Moreover, the opening of the treatment chamber on the front side, which does not assume the horizontal position of prior art, provides optimum accessibility for the samples to the holding means to permit easy removal or recharge of samples or containers containing samples at any time.

[0007] The treatment chamber can be formed in different ways. It is possible to form the housing as a horizontally disposed cylinder and form the holding means such that it guides the samples on circular paths along the inner cylinder walls, wherein the edge projects beyond the samples which are located at the lowest point of the circular path.

[0008] In a further embodiment, the housing is formed as a truncated cone which is disposed such that the lowest tangent line thereto extends horizontally, and the holding means is designed such that it guides the samples on circular paths along the inner truncated cone wall, wherein the edge is disposed on the large circular surface of the truncated cone such that it projects beyond those samples located at the lowest points.

[0009] The advantages mentioned above are guaranteed by both embodiments. The truncated cone design has the additional advantage that the access opening is located on the large circular surface, which is upwardly inclined. A large opening with ergonomically optimum orientation and accessibility to the entire housing is thereby produced.

[0010] Cassettes containing the sample can preferably be arranged in the holding means such that they extend substantially along the entire inner wall of the housing, having a thickness, in conjunction with the holding means and its play, which is smaller than the width of the edge. In consequence thereof, the liquid level in the housing must not be excessively high in order to wet all samples located on the holding means during rotation thereof. In this manner, consumption of treatment agent is very small, i.e. optimum. Optimum results are achieved when only one layer of cassettes is provided.

[0011] The holding means is preferably designed to receive containers in which several cassettes can be arranged. This permits supply of cassettes to these containers outside of the treatment chamber, introduction of these containers into the treatment chamber, and connection thereof to the holding means.

[0012] When the housing is designed as truncated cone, a very simple and inexpensive production method consists of shaping the housing from one single piece of sheet metal. Since in this embodiment, the holding means for the samples or containers holding the samples also has the shape of a truncated cone, it can also be economically produced by shaping one single piece of sheet metal. Conventional welding work required for producing the corresponding conventional cylinders is unnecessary. The production from one single piece of sheet metal through pressurization is particularly economical.

[0013] The treatment chamber preferably has a drive which is connected to a control for supply and discharge of treatment agent and for rotating the holding means until the samples are sufficiently wetted for the respective treatment step.

[0014] Since opening the door to the access opening while the holding means rotates could cause leakage of treatment agent, it is preferable to design the control such that it opens the door only when the drive for the holding means is at rest.

[0015] Treatment chambers must be provided with an explosion protection for treatment with certain agents. Towards this end, the European Standard EN 600 79-10 demands encapsulation of the region at risk. It is therefore proposed that an explosion-proof jacket surrounds the holding means. The jacket is therefore relatively small and must not surround a large part of the device or the entire device. To prevent interruption of this encapsulation, it is proposed that the drive acts on the holding means through the explosion-proof jacket via a magnet carrier. Of course, the holding means must be rotatably disposed in the explosion-proof jacket.

[0016] The invention is explained below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing.

[0017]FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention;

[0018]FIG. 2 shows insertion of a treatment chamber into the overall device to treat histological samples;

[0019]FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention;

[0020]FIG. 4 shows a section through this further embodiment; and

[0021]FIG. 5 shows a basic representation of an embodiment with an explosion-proof jacket.

[0022]FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention wherein the treatment chamber 1 has a housing 3 which is formed as cylinder 10. This cylinder 10 is disposed horizontally with the lowermost tangent line 12 thereto being the lowest point. The delivery and discharge 4 for treatment agent 2, 2′, 2″ is also located there. A holding means 5 for receiving samples is located in the housing 3 which has a cylindrical shape such that containers 17 for cassettes 13 which carry the samples extend along the inner wall of the housing 3. The cassettes 13 are thereby preferably disposed in a single layer, such that a relatively low liquid level 9 (dash-dotted line) of a treatment agent 2, 2′ or 2″ is sufficient for wetting all cassettes 13 when the holding means 5 turns. An axle 22 is disposed on the holding means 5 for this rotation and guided through the housing 3 to a drive 18. The cassettes 13 are indicated only in the lowest container 17 for reasons of clarity.

[0023] The front side 7 of the treatment chamber 1 has an access opening 6 which can be closed by a door 20. To prevent leakage of treatment liquid 2, 2′ or 2″, when the door 20 is opened, even when the liquid level 9 has been fully reached, an edge 8 is provided having a width 15 which is larger than the thickness 14 of the sample arrangement on the holding means 5 plus the play 16 of the holding means 5 relative to the inner wall of the housing 3. In this fashion, the door 20 can always be opened when the drive 18 has stopped, even when the treatment liquid 2, 2′ or 2″ has reached the liquid level 9. The edge 8 is broken away (as is part of the door 20) in the lower region to show the inside of the treatment chamber 1.

[0024]FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of a treatment chamber of the inventive type in the overall device 31 for treating histological samples. It can be used for one treatment chamber 1 and also for further treatment chambers 23. A further treatment chamber 23 may be smaller to carry out brief treatment of smaller amounts. The entire device 31 has a control 19 which actuates the drive 18 via a connecting line 29 and a means 26 for supply and discharge of treatment agent 2, 2′, 2″ via a connecting line 30. Towards this end, a valve unit 21 is arranged which receives treatment agent 2, 2′, 2″ via supplies 25. It can be stored in supply containers 24, 24′, 24″. The number of treatment agents 2, 2′, 2″ is shown by way of example only; it may be larger depending on the number of treatments to be carried out. The valve unit 21 is connected to the supply and discharge 4 of the treatment chamber 1 or a further treatment chamber 23 and serves as supply and discharge of treatment agent 2, 2′, 2″. Discharge lines 25′ discharge used treatment agent which is preferably discharged separately to permit recycling.

[0025]FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention with a housing 3 which has the shape of a truncated cone 11. The lower region of the front side 7 is broken away to show the holding means 5 for receiving containers 17 for cassettes 13 on which the samples are disposed. To illustrate the design in detail, FIG. 4 shows a section indicated in FIG. 3 with IV-IV. The partial section of FIG. 3 is indicated in FIG. 4 with III-III.

[0026] As can be gathered from the two illustrations, the housing 3 and also the holding means 5 have the shape of a truncated cone. The latter extends with play 16 along the inner wall of the housing 3, 11. The housing 3, formed as truncated cone 11, is disposed such that its tangent line is horizontal. The supply and discharge 4 for treatment agent 2, 2′, 2″ are also disposed there. For this embodiment of the housing 3 as a truncated cone 11, a relatively low liquid level 9 is sufficient to wet all samples by turning the holding means 5. This embodiment of the treatment chamber 1 also has an edge 8 of width 15 which exceeds the thickness 14 of the sample arrangement plus play 16. In this fashion, the door 20 can be opened when completely filled with treatment agent 2, 2′ or 2″ to the liquid level 9 without leakage of treatment agent 2, 2′ or 2″. Towards this end, the drive 18, which is disposed on the small circular surface of the truncated cone 11 and connected to an axle 22 and to holding means 5, should be stopped.

[0027] In this embodiment, the containers 17 for receiving the cassettes 13 are disposed like a conical jacket on the holding means 5 producing mainly trapezoidal shapes of the containers 17. In this case as well, only one layer of cassettes 13 are preferably disposed to guarantee economical consumption of treatment agent 2, 2′, 2″ with a low liquid level 9. The door 20 can be opened by a hinge 27 and safely closed by a lock 28. The latter can be blocked by the control 19 when the drive 18 and therefore the holding means 5 still rotate to prevent treatment agent 2, 2′ or 2″ from being discharged when opening during operation.

[0028] This embodiment of the invention is advantageous in that the truncated conical design of the housing 3, 11 permits provision of a very large access opening 6 which additionally has an ergonomically very favourable access position. This greatly optimises the accessibility and ensures rapid access to all samples. Since the door 20 can also be opened when treatment agent 2, 2′, 2″ is filled in, permanent removal or adding of samples is thereby possible.

[0029]FIG. 5 shows a basic illustration of an embodiment with an explosion-proof jacket 32. It is disposed in the housing 3 and surrounds the holding means 5 as complete encapsulation. The housing 3 is shown symbolically, it usually comprises further device parts (see FIG. 2). Since the jacket 32 should have no interruptions, the drive 18 has an axle 22′ having magnets 34 at its front side which carry along the holding means 5, also provided with magnets 34′, through the jacket 32. The holding means 5 has a bearing 35 which may be disposed e.g. in the region of this magnet carrier 33. The explosion-proof jacket 32 must also comprise an explosion-proof door 20′ and an explosion-proof supply and discharge 4′ for treatment agent 2, 2′, 2″.

[0030] The embodiments are of course only exemplary, and treatment chambers 1 with the most different of rotationally symmetrical shapes are also feasible. The holding means 5, which is merely symbolically shown by the arrangement of the containers 17, can be designed in the most different of ways. Feasible are cages or perforated sheet metal cages, which are formed corresponding to the respective shape of the housing 3, with receptacles for the container 17 holder. Star-shaped designs for hanging containers 17 to the ends of the arms are also feasible.

[0031] Treatment Chamber for Treatment of Histological Samples

[0032] List of Reference Numerals

[0033]1 Treatment chamber

[0034]2,2′,2″ Treatment agent

[0035]3 Housing

[0036]4,4′ Supply and discharge for treatment agent

[0037]5 Holding means for receiving samples

[0038]6 Access opening

[0039]7 Front side of treatment chamber

[0040]8 Edge

[0041]9 Liquid level

[0042]10 Cylinder (housing)

[0043]11 Truncated cone (housing)

[0044]12 Lowermost tangent line

[0045]13 Cassettes for samples

[0046]14 Thickness of sample arrangement

[0047]15 Width of edge

[0048]16 Play

[0049]17 Containers for cassettes

[0050]18 Drive

[0051]19 Control

[0052]20,20′ Door for closing the access opening

[0053]21 Valve unit

[0054]22,22′ Axle of holding means

[0055]23 Further treatment chamber

[0056]24,24′,24″ Supply container for treatment agent

[0057]25,25′ Lines for treatment agent

[0058]25 Supply to valve unit

[0059]25′ Disposal

[0060]26 Means for supply and discharge of treatment agent

[0061]27 Hinge

[0062]28 Lock

[0063]29 Connecting line between control and drive

[0064]30 Connecting line between control and valve unit

[0065]31 Overall device for treatment of histological samples

[0066]32 Explosion-proof jacket

[0067]33 Magnet carrier

[0068]34,34′ Magnets

[0069]35 Storage 

1. Treatment chamber (1) for treatment of histological samples with treatment agent (2, 2′, 2″), wherein the treatment chamber (1) has a housing (3) with a supply and discharge (4, 4′) for treatment agents (2, 2′, 2″), a rotatable holding means (5) for receiving the samples and an access opening (6) on the front side (7), which can be closed, characterized in that the housing (3) has an edge (8) at least in the lower region of the front side (7) and is formed and disposed such that a liquid level (9) of treatment agent (2, 2′ or 2″) is maintained even when the access opening (6) is open, wherein the holding means (5) has a sample arrangement configured to rotate through the treatment agent (2, 2′ or 2″) forming the liquid level (9).
 2. Treatment chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (3) is formed as a horizontally disposed cylinder (10) and the holding means (5) is formed such that it guides the samples on circular paths along the inner cylindrical wall, wherein the edge (8) projects past the samples which are located on the lowermost point of a circular path.
 3. Treatment chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (3) is formed as truncated cone (11) which is disposed such that the lowermost tangent line (12) extends horizontally, and the holding means (5) is formed such that it guides the samples on circular paths along the inner truncated cone wall, wherein the edge (8) is disposed on the large circular surface (13) of the truncated cone (11) to project beyond the samples which are located at the lowermost points.
 4. Treatment chamber according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that cassettes (13) containing the samples can be disposed in the holding means (5) such that they extend substantially along the entire inner wall of the housing (3) and have a thickness, together with the holding means (5) and its play (16) relative to the housing (3), which is smaller than the width (15) of the edge (8).
 5. Treatment chamber according to claim 4, characterized in that only one layer of cassettes (13) is provided.
 6. Treatment chamber according to any one of the claims 1 through 5, characterized in that the holding means (5) is formed to receive containers (17) in which several cassettes (13) can be arranged.
 7. Treatment chamber according to any one of the claims 3 through 6, characterized in that the housing (3) is produced through shaping of one single piece of sheet metal.
 8. Treatment chamber according to any one of the claims 3 through 7, characterized in that the holding means (5) also has the shape of a truncated cone.
 9. Treatment chamber according to claim 8, characterized in that the holding means (5) is produced through shaping one single piece of sheet metal.
 10. Treatment chamber according to claim 7 or 9, characterized in that production is effected through pressing.
 11. Treatment chamber according to any one of the claims 1 through 10, characterized in that it has a drive (18) which is connected to a control (19) for delivery and discharge of treatment agents (2, 2′, 2″) and for turning the holding means (5) until the samples are sufficiently wetted for the respective treatment step.
 12. Treatment chamber according to claim 11, characterized in that the control (19) releases the door (20, 20′) for closing the access opening (6) only when the drive (18) for the holding means (5) is stopped.
 13. Treatment chamber according to any one of the claims 1 through 12, characterized in that an explosion-proof jacket (32) surrounds the holding means (5).
 14. Treatment chamber according to claim 13, characterized in that the drive (18) acts on the holding means (5) through the explosion-proof jacket (32) via a magnet carrier (33). 